Effects of Multimodal Exercise With Augmented Reality on Cognition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effects of an exercise intervention using multimodal exercise with augmented reality and multimodal exercise-only on cognitive function in older adults living in a community dwelling. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental research study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: In this control study, 78 participants were divided into 2 experimental groups (with sessions 3 times a week for 12 weeks) and a control group (CG). METHODS: EG1 participated in a multimodal exercise-only intervention program, EG2 participated in a multimodal exercise program with augmented reality exergames, and CG continued its usual activities. Participants were assessed at baseline and postintervention after 12 weeks. RESULTS: Comparison between baseline and postintervention at 12 weeks showed significant improvements in executive functions, verbal fluency, choice reaction time, and dual task in EG1, whereas there were improvements in general cognition, executive functions, verbal fluency, discrimination reaction time, and depression in EG2 (P ≤ .05). The clinical effect sizes of the interventions were large for overall cognition, executive functions, and reaction time on single- and dual-task reaction time in EG1 and for overall cognition, executive functions, and verbal fluency in EG2. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The intervention programs showed significant improvements in several cognitive domains. The multimodal exercise-only showed improvements in more variables than the multimodal exercise with augmented reality, but the augmented reality group showed greater changes between baseline and postintervention.

High Prevalence of Probable Sarcopenia in a Representative Sample From Colombia: Implications for Geriatrics in Latin America.

OBJECTIVES: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) recently defined the new concept of probable sarcopenia to help improve screening and prevent future sarcopenia. We investigated the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, defined as weak grip strength, in community-dwelling older Colombian adults, and examined the long-term associated conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Urban and rural Colombian older adults from the "Estudio Nacional de Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) study". PARTICIPANTS: 5237 Colombian older adults aged ≥60 years. MEASUREMENTS: Probable sarcopenia was assessed following the cut-off points for weak grip strength recommended by EWGSOP2 guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) of the relationship between long-term conditions and probable sarcopenia were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable sarcopenia defined as weak grip strength was 46.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 45.1-47.8]. Physical inactivity "proxy" (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59); diabetes (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.56); and arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatism (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.25-1.67) were independently associated with probable sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: We found that almost half of all the Colombian older adults in our sample had probable sarcopenia. Individuals with physical inactivity, diabetes, arthritis, or osteoarthritis and rheumatism had a higher prevalence of probable sarcopenia. Probable sarcopenia is clinically highly relevant, and several of the factors associated with this condition are potentially preventable, treatable, and reversible.

The relationship between perceived exertion, physical activity and quality of life in older women / Relación entre la percepción de esfuerzo, actividad física y calidad de vida en mujeres mayores

This paper highlights the relationship between perceived exertion, physical activity, and quality of life in a sample of 14 Spanish older adults. In relation to the Back Scratch Test, there was a significantly positive correlation between total energy expenditure (METs) and the reported perception of exertion (RPE) as measured by the Borg Scale 6-20. In regards to the relationship between health related quality of life and the Borg Scales, there was a significant negative relationship found during the 30-s Chair Stand Test between the component of the SF-36 Physical Role and the Borg Scale 0-10. In regards to the relationship between the dimensions of health related quality of life and the Borg Scales, there was a significant negative relationship found between the Visual Analogical Score (VAS) and the Borg Scale 0-10 during the 30-s Chair Stand Test. Similarly, there was a significant negative relationship found between the VAS and the Borg Scale 6-20 during the 8-ft-up-and-go Test. The most important finding of the present study was that RPE during functional exercises may significantly influence the perception of quality of life in older adults

El presente trabajo destaca la relación entre la percepción de esfuerzo, la actividad física y la calidad de vida en una muestra de 14 mujeres mayors españolas. En relación con el Back Scratch Test, hay una correlación positive y significativa entre el esfuerzo realizado (METs) y la percepción de esfuerzo que tienen (RPE) medida a través de la Escala de Borg 6-20. Además, existe una relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y la Escala de Borg, encontrándose una relación negativa entre los 30-s del Test de Estar Sentado y el rol físico que aparece en el SF-36. Igualmente, existe una relación negativa y significativa entre la Escala Visual Analógica (VAS), la Escala de Borg 0-10 en relación con el Test de Estar Sentado 30- s. De manera similar, hay una relación negativa y significativa entre el VAS y la Escala de Borg 6-20 y en relación con el Test 8-ft-up-and-go. El hallazgo más destacable de esta investigación es que, durante la realización de ejercicios funcionales, hay una influencia significativa en la percepción de calidad de vidad que poseen las adultas mayores

Impact of physical activity on psychological distress: a prospective analysis of an Australian national sample.

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the individual-level associations between participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological distress levels using a large, nationally representative, longitudinal sample and multivariable panel regression models. METHODS: We used 3 waves of panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, consisting of 34 000 observations from 17 000 individuals and covering 2007, 2009, and 2011. We used fixed-effects panel regression models accounting for observable and unobservable confounders to examine the relationships between the weekly frequency of MVPA and summary measures of psychological distress based on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. RESULTS: We found substantial and highly statistically significant associations between the frequency of MVPA and different indicators of psychological distress. Frequent participation in MVPA reduces psychological distress and decreases the likelihood of falling into a high-risk category. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of placing physical activity at the core of health promotion initiatives aimed at preventing and remedying psychological discomfort.